托福聽力久練不漲的原因有哪些?很多托??忌谕懈?荚噦淇贾?,有這樣的困惑,明明自己已經(jīng)很努力的練習(xí)了托福聽力,但是托福聽力成績(jī)卻不理想。出現(xiàn)這種情況,可能同學(xué)們?cè)谕懈B犃荚噦淇挤噶艘恍╁e(cuò)誤,下面就整理了托福聽力備考常見的7個(gè)錯(cuò)誤,供大家參考。
一、生詞干擾
對(duì)于處在備考初期的同學(xué)們,詞匯是一個(gè)大問題,大多數(shù)只接觸過日常詞匯的小可愛,被突如其來的學(xué)科詞匯砸得一臉懵,感受著來自ETS的惡意。
生詞干擾不僅會(huì)在聽取信息的時(shí)候造成理解困難,在審題時(shí)也會(huì)阻礙信息定位和答案選取。
比如:
What does the professor say about bacteria that grow around hydrothermal vents?
A. They are able to withstand higher temperatures than all other organisms.
B. They are not as resilient as bacteria that live in glacial waters.
C. They must have small amounts of sunlight to survive.
D. They use hydrogen sulfide as their primary nutrient.
不少同學(xué)題目中hydrothermal vent不認(rèn)識(shí),或者選項(xiàng)中resilient不認(rèn)識(shí),導(dǎo)致題目無從下手。
解決方法
基礎(chǔ)詞匯及核心詞匯做到聽背同步,背誦時(shí)注意跟讀,同時(shí)了解詞匯常用語境;??紝W(xué)科詞匯及真題詞匯通過詞性結(jié)構(gòu)和背景知識(shí)來記憶,比如hydrothermal= hydro(水)+ thermal(熱),通過這種方法背誦詞匯,趕走信息理解道路上兇惡的攔路虎。
二、漏聽信息
漏聽信息是聽力考生們高頻錯(cuò)題原因,造成“沒聽到”“沒聽懂”“理解錯(cuò)”等錯(cuò)誤的罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?/p>
主要原因有:1. 詞匯量較小2.辨音能力若3. 語速不適應(yīng)4. 走神及外界干擾
解決方法
需要進(jìn)行規(guī)律的精聽練習(xí),根據(jù)自身情況做斷聽跟讀或影子跟讀,同時(shí)適當(dāng)進(jìn)行倍速訓(xùn)練,尤其注意模仿連讀、吞音、弱讀等易漏點(diǎn),來有針對(duì)性地提升語音敏感度。
三、長句抓取
不少考生會(huì)存在一個(gè)句子只聽到零星幾個(gè)詞,無法組成完成的意思的問題,導(dǎo)致這個(gè)問題的原因除了以上兩個(gè)聽力基礎(chǔ)問題之外,還需要注意語法和邏輯關(guān)系。
如:“Is it better to buy locally grown produce that is not certified as organic or is it better to get organically grown fruits and vegetables that must be trucked in from California, three thousand mile away.”
如果我們盲聽后抓取到的只有“fruits and vegetables”“ California”“ three thousand mile away”等次要零散信息的話,我們是無法正確理解這句話的主要內(nèi)容的。
解決方法
考生們可以在訓(xùn)練的時(shí)候有意去抓取句子的主干,留意句間邏輯,篩選重要細(xì)節(jié)。
通過語法邏輯知道以上句子結(jié)構(gòu)是“A or B 之一更重要”的結(jié)構(gòu),并抓取到A代表購買當(dāng)?shù)胤怯袡C(jī)食品,B代表異地購買有機(jī)食品,便可以理解句子主要內(nèi)容,抓取關(guān)鍵信息。
四、翻譯誤差
同學(xué)們?cè)趯忣}時(shí)也會(huì)遇到由翻譯問題導(dǎo)致的理解偏差,影響我們判斷正確選項(xiàng)。
例如:
What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A. To compare active habitat selection with passive habitat selection.
B. To show that most habitat preferences in animals are learned.
C. To compare the habitat requirements of several bird species.
D. To examine the consequences of habitat selection by animals.
其中B選項(xiàng)“To show that most habitat preferences in animals are learned.”容易被解讀成兩種不同的意思:
1.去展示大多數(shù)動(dòng)物對(duì)棲息地的傾向已經(jīng)被了解了
2.去展示大多數(shù)動(dòng)物對(duì)棲息地的傾向是后天習(xí)得的
解決方法
同學(xué)們要注意語法結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)結(jié)合原文和出題規(guī)律,避免過度聯(lián)想,來對(duì)選項(xiàng)正確理解。
結(jié)合出題規(guī)律,上題中的選項(xiàng)B的正確解釋應(yīng)該是2.去展示大多數(shù)動(dòng)物對(duì)棲息地的傾向是后天習(xí)得的。
五、過度聯(lián)想
過度聯(lián)想是托福聽力干擾選項(xiàng)的常見原因,這類干擾項(xiàng)通常合情合理,但不符合“直接性”原則,從文章中無法直接得出。
例如:
原文:
Student: She’s away this semester. I have to beg her to give me extra time on this project. I haven’t even received a grade in the class yet. And these classes are prerequisites for other classes in the major. I really need to see those books so I can finish up this project and get back on the course to graduate on time.
Librarian:Everybody has special circumstances.
Student: Two hours? One hour? I promise to be careful. I just need to look at a few pages with a strong magnifying glass.
對(duì)應(yīng)題目:
What does the woman mean when she says this: Everybody has special circumstances.
A. She has been in a similar situation herself.
B. She will help the student solve his problem.
C. She has often heard this kind of story from students.
D. She thinks the student should try to understand her situation.
此題正確答案是C,但是很多考生會(huì)誤選為D,因?yàn)榇诉x項(xiàng)“希望你可以理解并配合我的工作”這句話在日常情景中經(jīng)常聽到,但與C相比,D選項(xiàng)增加了過度的推斷。
解決方法
同學(xué)們解題時(shí)需注意充分參考原文,還原原文場(chǎng)景,學(xué)會(huì)換位思考,站在說話人的角度來思考,并且充分比較各個(gè)選項(xiàng),避免過度腦補(bǔ)。
六、技巧欠缺
托福聽力的備考,除了聽力基礎(chǔ)提升,還需要我們學(xué)會(huì)應(yīng)用各種技巧,正所謂“七分考實(shí)力,三分靠技巧”,聰明的做題方法不能妙手回春,但可以錦上添花。
比如:
The man expresses reservations about the suggested topic for his term paper. What is the professor's attitude toward the man's reservations?
A. She thinks the man has demonstrated the necessary background in statistics.
B. She thinks the man should choose a topic he is more comfortable with.
C. She thinks the man should ask another student to help him understand the statistics.
D. She thinks the man's worries are unnecessary.
這是一道錯(cuò)誤率比較高的題目,原因是錄音內(nèi)容又快又短,同學(xué)們?nèi)菀茁┞?,如果沒有解題技巧的加持,很多同學(xué)只能靠猜。
解決方法
同學(xué)們平時(shí)可以多做題目,總結(jié)各種題型做題規(guī)律。
比如“What is the professor's attitude toward the man's reservations? ”
這道題就是一個(gè)經(jīng)典的態(tài)度題,我們從態(tài)度題選項(xiàng)規(guī)律可以看出來,上題的D. She thinks the man's worries are unnecessary是一個(gè)典型的態(tài)度描述。
而其他選項(xiàng)更偏向于建議描述和結(jié)果描述,所以積累了一定的做題技巧,我們便有了“題感”,甚至具備了一定“蒙題必對(duì)”的技能。
七、背景缺失
托福聽力講座會(huì)涉及到四大學(xué)科領(lǐng)域,分別是生命科學(xué)、自然科學(xué)、藝術(shù)和社會(huì)科學(xué),其知識(shí)覆蓋面廣,內(nèi)容相對(duì)專業(yè),所以儲(chǔ)備相應(yīng)的背景知識(shí)是我們能力預(yù)備的一個(gè)重要部分。
如果考生對(duì)??贾R(shí)不熟悉,則會(huì)在理解層面遇到障礙。比如考試中出現(xiàn)木星(Jupiter)的形成理論,若同學(xué)們對(duì)gas giant(氣巨星)、Hydrogen(氫)、Helium(氦)等一些基本知識(shí)沒有概念,那無疑是在起跑線上摔了一跤。
解決方法
最好的背景知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備方法就是按學(xué)科去聽TPO的文章,或者多聽科學(xué)60秒,大量吸收背景知識(shí)。
同時(shí)一定要注意,以積累背景知識(shí)為目的去聽文章,不需要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)、跟讀或聽寫等步驟,但絕對(duì)不意味著考生們可以邊做其他事情邊磨耳朵,以免養(yǎng)成左耳進(jìn)右耳出的壞習(xí)慣。
以上是托福聽力備考應(yīng)避免的7個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的內(nèi)容,供大家參考。培頓 教育托福暑期班正在招生中,可在線咨詢?cè)斍轭A(yù)約試聽課程。