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托福詞匯學(xué)習(xí)|5分鐘幫你搞定學(xué)科詞匯—— 生物學(xué)

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2021-08-19 17:00:33瀏覽次數(shù):189文章來源:培頓教育
導(dǎo)讀:  托福詞匯|5分鐘幫你搞定學(xué)科詞匯—— 生物學(xué) Hello,大家好。上次的植物學(xué)詞匯文章大家都看了嗎?是不是覺得學(xué)習(xí)了相關(guān)的學(xué)

  托福詞匯|5分鐘幫你搞定學(xué)科詞匯【第2期】—— 生物學(xué)   Hello,大家好。上次的植物學(xué)詞匯文章大家都看了嗎?是不是覺得學(xué)習(xí)了相關(guān)的學(xué)科詞匯之后再去做閱讀或聽力就順暢了很多,也能夠更好地理解文本內(nèi)容了呀?那么這次我們就繼續(xù)上一次的生命科學(xué)類這個(gè)大類別下面的biology生物學(xué),來講講和它有關(guān)的詞匯。

2021年5月8日托?!惊?dú)立寫作】回憶和解析含范文

  首先我們來了解一下到底什么是生物學(xué)(biology),the scientific study of the natural processes of living things.

 ?。▉碓矗篽ttps://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/biology)

  簡單翻譯一下就是一種研究生命體自然進(jìn)程的科學(xué)。

  而在托福的生物學(xué)文章中,其內(nèi)容通常會提及物種的起源(the origin of species)和進(jìn)化(evolution),也會針對某個(gè)物種的行為去解釋原因,以及它們?nèi)绾?strong>適應(yīng)環(huán)境(adapt the environment)、繁殖(reproduce)和自然選擇(natural selection)的。那我們就先來看看在“生物”這個(gè)大范圍下又具體細(xì)分為哪些吧。

  首先地球上所有的生物都可以被分為植物群(flora)和動物群(fauna),上次植物學(xué)(botany)的文章,我們已經(jīng)介紹過植物相關(guān)的單詞啦,所以這次重點(diǎn)將會放在動物上面哦。

  世界上的動物已知的就有超過百萬種,這么龐大的數(shù)量會給生物學(xué)家(biologist)的工作帶來很大的困難,這個(gè)時(shí)候就要引入分類學(xué)(taxonomy)的概念,給動物們分類,那按照分類的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不同,我們來看看~

  按照骨骼的性質(zhì)劃分:

  Vertebrate / ?v?:rt?br?t / n脊椎動物

  Invertebrate /?n ?v?:rt?br?t/ n無脊椎動物

 ?。═PO7 reading passage1:One question was related to evidence that the invertebrate fauna (animals without spines) of the Mediterranean had changed abruptly about 6 million years ago.)

  按照生活環(huán)境劃分:

  Amphibian /æm?f?bi?n/ n兩棲動物

 ?。═PO40 reading passage3:In contrast to mammals and birds,amphibians are unable to produce thermal energy through their metabolic activity)

  Aquatic /??kwæt?k/ adj水生的

 ?。═PO44 reading passage1:they had radiated into almost all availableaquatic habitats)

  Terrestrial /t??restri?l/ adj陸地的;陸棲的;陸生的

 ?。═PO44 reading passage1:One of the most significant evolutionary events that occurred on Earth was the transition of water-dwelling fish to terrestrial tetrapods.)

  而如果要細(xì)分到某一種具體物種的分類,要經(jīng)過七層劃分

  從下到上依次是:

  Kingdom /?k??d?m/ n界

  phylum /?fa?l?m/ n門

  class /klæs/ n綱

  order /??:rd?(r)/ n目

  family /?fæm?li/ n科

  genus /?d?i:n?s/ n屬

  species /?spi:?i:z/ n種

  而光知道一個(gè)模糊的分類概念,在托福的文章中是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的,因?yàn)橥ǔ6紩婕暗侥硞€(gè)具體的物種。要是不知道他們的意思,在閱讀或聽力中想要馬上把握文章描寫對象的詳細(xì)特點(diǎn)就會比較困難,那么接下來就是一波具體的物種單詞啦。

  首先是昆蟲(insect)類:

  Larva /?lɑ:rv?/ n幼蟲,幼體

  Pest /pest/ n害蟲,害獸,害鳥

  Worm /w?:rm/ n蠕蟲

  兩棲動物amphibian:

  Turtle /?t?:rtl/ n龜

  Snake /sne?k/ n蛇

  Toad /to?d/蟾蜍

  (TPO25 listening lecture1: But the cane toad itself became a pest and has destroyed much of the wildlife on that continent.)

  Lizard /?l?z?rd/n蜥蜴

  (TPO21 listening lecture3: Probably back in some previous biology course you learned that snakes evolved from lizards)

  Chameleon /k??mi:li?n/ n變色龍

  Crocodile /?krɑ:kda?l/ n鱷魚

  水生動物Aquatic animal:

  Dolphin /?dɑ:lf?n/ n海豚

  Whale /we?l/ n鯨魚

  Shrimp /?r?mp/ n小蝦

  Prawn /pr?:n/ n對蝦,大蝦,明蝦

  Lobster /?lɑ:b st?(r)/ n龍蝦

  Crab /kræb/ n螃蟹

  Clam /klæm/ 蛤蜊,蚌

  Coral /?k?:r?l; ?kɑ:r?l/ n珊瑚

  (TPO27 listening lecture1: And there's another technique that's been experimented with to try to help coral reefs recover from bleaching.)

  Seal /si:l/ n海豹

  Octopus /?ɑ:kt?p?s/ n章魚

  (TPO17 listening lecture4: The octopus is prey to many species, including humans, so how does it escape its predators?)

  Otter /?ɑ:t?r/ n水獺

  陸生動物Terrestrial animal:

  Gorilla /g??r?l?/ n大猩猩

  Chimpanzee /?t??mpæn?zi:/ n黑猩猩

  Baboon /bæ?bu:n/ n狒狒

  Microbe /?ma?kro?b/ n微生物

  (TPO53 reading passage2: High moisture and temperatures speed the growth of soil microbes that decompose organic compounds)

  Bacteria /bæk?t?ri?/ n細(xì)菌

  Virus /?va?r?s/ n病毒

  而在生物類的文章中,掌握了具體的描寫對象之后,我們還需要把握住它們干了些什么,這些行為帶來了什么樣的影響,下面就是一波關(guān)于生物行為的單詞啦,趕緊接??!

  Subsist /s?b?s?st/ v存在,有效/維持度日

  Exist /?g?z?st/ v存在,實(shí)際上有/生活,生存

  Secrete /s??kri:t/ v分泌

  (TPO17 reading passage3: The ants live in large, hollow thorns and eat sugar secreted by the tree.)

  Assimilate /??s?m?le?t/ v消化,吸收

  Breed /bri:d/ v交配,繁殖/喂養(yǎng)(注意過去式bred,過去分詞bred)

  Proliferate /pr??l?f?re?t/ v迅速繁殖(或增殖);猛增

  Propagate /?prɑ:p?ge?t/ v繁殖;增殖

  (TPO9 reading passage3: These plants propagate by producing spores–tiny fertilized cells that contain all the instructions for making a new plant–but the spore are unprotected by any outer coating and carry no supply of nutrient.)

  Evolve /i?vɑ:lv/ n進(jìn)化,演化

  (TPO39 listening lecture4: Cows and goats have evolved highly specialized digestive systems that allow them to metabolize cellulose.)

  Darwinism /?dɑ:r w?n?z?m/ n達(dá)爾文主義(查爾斯·達(dá)爾文于 19 世紀(jì)創(chuàng)立的學(xué)說,認(rèn)為生物通過自然選擇而進(jìn)化)

  Extinct /?k?st??kt/ adj已經(jīng)滅絕的

  Extinction /?k?st??k?n/ n滅絕,滅種

  那么最后還是一些相關(guān)的單詞:

  Immune /??mju:n/ adj有免疫力的

  (TPO17 reading passage3: In vertebrates, the immune system provides a multiple defense against internal parasites.)

  Immunity /??mju:n?ti/ n免疫力

  Metabolism /m??tæb?l?z?m/ n新陳代謝

  (TPO23 reading passage1: The city is an extraordinary processor of mass and energy and has its own metabolism)

  Morphology /m?:r?fɑ:l?d?i/ n形態(tài)學(xué)

  Microscope /?ma?kr?sko?p/ n顯微鏡

  Calorie /?kæl?ri/ n卡路里

  Glucose /?glu:ko?s; ?glu:ko?z/ n葡萄糖

  (TPO18 listening lecture4: In frogs, the extra glucose makes it harder for the winter inside the cells to freeze.

  Protein /?pro?ti:n/ n蛋白質(zhì)

  好啦,今天的學(xué)科單詞分享就到這里結(jié)束啦,內(nèi)容比較多,大家記得多復(fù)習(xí)、多記憶。最后照舊是提供相應(yīng)的文章供大家小試牛刀~~

 

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